Tip-Offs Media

Sam Becker proposed a communication model in “The Prospect of Rhetoric” (1968), which is known as Becker’s Mosaic Model of Communication. According to him, the classical models of communication are not very useful in contemporary communication. The model explains the complexity of human communication. It also describes the randomness of the origin of messages and communication as a dynamic process. The model is believed to reduce the limitations of the linear models. The model stresses the meaning of messages. The model was inspired by Marshall McLuhan’s views and metaphors of television as a collection of light and dark spots. Components of Becker’s Mosaic Model of Communication   1.       Empty cells – Unavailable messages or sources 2.       Vertical layers – Set of similar messages 3.       Cells – Messages and sources 4.       Receivers go through the cells in  ...

  Dean Barnlund proposed a transactional model of communication in 1970 for basic interpersonal  communication  which articulates that sending and receiving of messages happens simultaneously between people which is popularly known as Barlund’s Transactional Model of Communication. The model has been further adapted and reformed by other theorists as  General Transactional Model . The model shifted from the trend of  linear model  to  dynamic  and  two way  communication model. Concepts of Barnlund’s Transactional Model of Communication        Barnlund’s Transactional Model is a  multi-layered feedback system . This is a continuous process where sender and receiver interchanges their places and both are equally important. The message passing takes place with a constant feedback being provided from both parties. A feedback for one is the message for the other. Components of Barlund’s model Cues  r...

  Frank Dance proposed a communication model inspired by a helix in 1967, known as Helical Model of Communication . A helix is a three dimensional spring like curve in the shape of a cylinder or a cone. Helix is compared with evolution of communication of a human since birth to existence or existing moment. Helical model gives geometrical testimony of communication. The model is linear as well as circular combined and disagrees the concept of linearity and circularity individually.   Concept of Helical Model of Communication Helical model of communication introduces the concept of time where continuousness of the communication process and relational interactions are very important. Communication is taken as a dynamic process in helical model of communication and it progresses with age as our experience and vocabulary increases. At first, helical spring is small at the bottom and grows bigger as the communication progresses. The same effect can be seen with communicat...

  Shannon and Weaver model of communication or Mathematical Theory of Communication (1949) has been the most important and influential stimulus for the development of other models and theories in communication. Shannon Weaver model of communication was created in 1949 when Claude Elwood Shannon wrote an article “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” in Bell System Technical Journal, with Warren Weaver. Shannon was an American mathematician whereas Weaver was scientist. The Mathematical theory later came to be known as Shannon Weaver model of communication or “ Mother of all Models ”. It is more technological than other linear models.   A Schematic Diagram of Shannon’s General Communication System   Concepts in Shannon Weaver Model Sender (Information source) _ Sender is the person who makes the message, chooses the channel and sends the message. Encoder (Transmitter) _ Encoder is the sender who uses machine, which converts message in signals or binary da...

  Lasswell’s communication model was developed by communication theorist Harold Lasswell (1902-1978) in 1948. Lasswell model of communication (also known as action model of communication or linear model or one way model of communication) is regarded as one of the most influential model of communication. Components of Lasswell’s Communication Model Lasswell’s communication model has five components which is used as an analysis tool for evaluating the communication process and components. The components are the questions to be asked to get the answers and keep communication going. Components Meaning Analysis Who The communicator or sender or source of message Control Analysis Says What The content of the message Content Analysis In Which Channel The medium or media Media Analysis To Whom The receiver of the message...

  The defamation Ordinance, 2002 is one of the laws, which were promulgated by President General Musharraf as a package of media laws in 2002. Prior to this Ordinance, „defamation‟ was a „criminal offence‟ under the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC), 1860. Sections 499-502 of PPC deal with the„ criminal defamation‟ and provide a procedure for its adjudication by Sessions Court as an offence.   However, under the Defamation Ordinance, one can file a suit – a case of civil court jurisdiction – for damages as well. The Ordinance defines kinds of defamation i.e. libel and slander. It also provides defences in defamation proceedings. These defences include:   a) Fair comment on the matter in the public interest; b) Truthfulness of matter made for public good; and c) Absolute or qualified privilege.   Section 6 of the Ordinance defines Absolute Privilege and Section 7 explains what constitutes Qualified Privilege. Absolute Privilege is “any publication of stat...

  Foundation, Goals, and Priorities Communism was an economic-political philosophy founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the second half of the 19th century. Marx and Engels met in 1844, and discovered that they had similar principles. In 1848 they wrote and published "The Communist Manifesto." They desired to end capitalism feeling that it was the social class system that led to the exploitation of workers. The workers that were exploited would develop class consciousness. Then there would be a fundamental process of class conflict that would be resolved through revolutionary struggle. In this conflict, the proletariat will rise up against the bourgeoisie and establish a communist society. Marx and Engels thought of the proletariat as the individuals with labor power, and the bourgeoisie as those who own the means of production in a capitalist society. The state would pass through a phase, often thought of as a socialism, and eventually settle finally on a pur...